ABSTRACT
The focus of this study is to be acquainted with the level of trust and reliance regarding reproductive health concerns among early married females. Many females around the globe are subjected to early marriage with immature minds and bodies, and they are forced to shoulder heavy duties, early pregnancies, harsh family behaviors, family disputes, behavioral problems and understanding problems. Early pregnancies and other health problems have a great impact on their self-esteem, confidence level and their trust on elders to share their problems. When females are married at early age, they are not only deprived of their education but they are also not aware of the health consequences and their solutions. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in Karachi and data was collected through detailed interview among 100 subjects [married and unmarried females]. 41.98% of the unmarried girls relied on lady doctors for their reproductive health problems whereas 37.50% of married girls approached mothers and few talked to lady doctors while most of them were not sharing theirs obstacles with anyone. It is concluded that females in their teens before marriage had normal self-esteem and courage to share their problems, on the other hand early marriages were found to cause a decline in their levels of self-esteem due to domestic pressures, less social buck up, fears of in-laws and husbands
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Self Concept , Reproductive HealthABSTRACT
Background: Diabetes mellitus is characterized by absolute or relative deficiencies in insulin secretion or insulin action correlated with chronic hyperglycemia and other disturbances in carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism results in weakening immunity. In addition, various biochemical disorders associated with diabetic vascular complications, such as hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress frequently co-exist with diabetes mellitus. Previous studies have also suggested that these and additional factors might involve with increasing chemical stress in diabetic patients
Material and methods: The questionnaire based survey was conducted including both close and open ended questions along with the assessment of chemical stress using Sadaf Stress Scale [SSS] version 2 among diabetic patients. This study was conducted in tertiary care hospitals of Karachi from October 1st till November 10th, 2014. Data was analyzed and plotted using SPSS version 20.0
Results: This study showed that 28% of diabetic patients were in severe chemical stress. However, the various symptoms of severity included body temperature alterations [50%], feeling of dehydration [56%] and shortness of breath [63%] were obtained
Conclusion: It is concluded that the diabetes patient with type 2 diabetes are at higher risk of developing chemical stress that may indicate multiple metabolic and as indicated by prominent symptoms that can be a oxidative alterations on sequence of increase use of medications and altered glucose metabolism
ABSTRACT
To compare the efficacy for Dinoprostone, intracervical foleys and misoprostol in labor trial regarding effects on cervical ripening, mode of delivery, induction to delivery interval and maternal complications i.e. tachysystole and postpartum haemorrhage. Randomized clinical trial. Hamdard University Hospital and Patel Hospital between July 2004 - June 2005. Randomized trial was conducted such that group-A received Dinoprostone at 6 hourly intervals upto two doses. Group-B was induced with intracervical foley catheter. Group-C received 50 micro g oral misoprostol 4 hourly to a maximum of four doses. Cervical ripening, induction to delivery time interval, mode of delivery and maternal morbidity were main outcome measures. Test of proportions was used to compare the significance between the managements. In 226 cases, 219 [97%] were successfully induced while 7[3%] did not respond the labour induction. The rates of caesarean section in dinoprostone, intracervical foley and misoprostol were 14.7%, 14.1% and 12.3%, respectively, however, this difference was insignificant among three groups [p=0.911]. Rate of earlier response [12 hours] to labor induction among three groups was insignificant [3.8% vs 4% and 13.7% respectively, p=0.125]. Marginal significance of higher rate of complications was observed in those patients who were given misoprostol [p=0.08]. In this series, all three agents were equally effective in terms of cervical ripening, induction-delivery interval, mode of delivery and maternal complications